博客
关于我
python算法与数据结构(17)快速排序
阅读量:547 次
发布时间:2019-03-09

本文共 1505 字,大约阅读时间需要 5 分钟。

快速排序是一种高效的排序算法,它的实现方法与分治法相符。许多标准编程语言中的排序函数都采用了快速排序,它的时间复杂度较优。以下将详细介绍其实现方法。

其原理是选择一个主元元素,将数组中所有小于等于主元的元素收集到左边,所有大于主元的元素收集到右边,然后递归对左右两部分进行排序,最后将结果归并返回。

实现方法一:额外空间复杂度高 该方法需要额外的存储空间来辅助排序。\n\n```python def quicksort(array): if len(array) < 2: return array pivot = array[0] less = [] greater = [] for num in array[1:]: if num <= pivot: less.append(num) else: greater.append(num) return quicksort(less) + [pivot] + quicksort(greater) `\n\n该实现难免会生成大量的额外数组,尤其在处理大数据量时会消耗大量内存,从而影响性能。\n\n下面是一个测试函数来验证快速排序的正确性:

def test_quicksort():
import random
seq = list(range(10))
random.shuffle(seq)
assert quicksort(seq) == sorted(seq)

实现方法二:移位策略,减少额外空间 这种方法不需要额外的数据结构,可以直接将数据在原数组中进行交换。\n\n```python def portition(array, beg, end): pivot = array[beg] left, right = beg + 1, end - 1 while left < right and array[left] < pivot: left += 1 while right > left and array[right] >= pivot: right -= 1 if left > right: return right array[left], array[right] = array[right], array[left] array[beg], array[right] = array[right], array[beg] return right });

def quicksort_inplace(array, beg, end): if beg >= end: return pivot = portition(array, beg, end) quicksort_inplace(array, beg, pivot) quicksort_inplace(array, pivot + 1, end)

一个测试函数可以验证这种方法的性能:
```python
def test_quicksort_inplace():
import random
seq = list(range(10))
random.shuffle(seq)
print(seq)
quicksort_inplace(seq, 0, len(seq))
print(seq)

通过这些优化,快速排序实现了既时间复杂度较低,空间复杂度可调节的特点,这使其在实际应用中表现良好。选择哪种实现方案应根据具体需求进行权衡。如果对内存使用要求较高,移位策略会是更好的选择。

转载地址:http://ismsz.baihongyu.com/

你可能感兴趣的文章
NN&DL4.1 Deep L-layer neural network简介
查看>>
NN&DL4.3 Getting your matrix dimensions right
查看>>
NN&DL4.7 Parameters vs Hyperparameters
查看>>
NN&DL4.8 What does this have to do with the brain?
查看>>
nnU-Net 终极指南
查看>>
No 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' header is present on the requested resource.
查看>>
NO 157 去掉禅道访问地址中的zentao
查看>>
no available service ‘default‘ found, please make sure registry config corre seata
查看>>
No compiler is provided in this environment. Perhaps you are running on a JRE rather than a JDK?
查看>>
no connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it.问题解决
查看>>
No Datastore Session bound to thread, and configuration does not allow creation of non-transactional
查看>>
No fallbackFactory instance of type class com.ruoyi---SpringCloud Alibaba_若依微服务框架改造---工作笔记005
查看>>
No Feign Client for loadBalancing defined. Did you forget to include spring-cloud-starter-loadbalanc
查看>>
No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/...] in DispatcherServlet with name ...的解决方法
查看>>
No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/logout.do] in DispatcherServlet with name 'springmvc'
查看>>
No module named 'crispy_forms'等使用pycharm开发
查看>>
No module named cv2
查看>>
No module named tensorboard.main在安装tensorboardX的时候遇到的问题
查看>>
No module named ‘MySQLdb‘错误解决No module named ‘MySQLdb‘错误解决
查看>>
No new migrations found. Your system is up-to-date.
查看>>